1. Why is backflow prevention important?
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2. What is backflow?
Backflow is the reverse flow of water or other substances through a cross connection into the treated drinking water distribution system. There are two types of backflow: backpressure and backsiphonage.
Backpressure happens when the pressure of the contaminant source exceeds the positive pressure in the water distribution main. An example would be when a drinking water supply main has a connection to a hot water boiler system that is not protected by an approved and functioning backflow preventer. If pressure in the boiler system increases to where it exceeds the pressure in the water distribution system, backflow from the boiler to the drinking water supply may occur.
Backsiphonage is caused by a negative pressure (vacuum or partial vacuum) in the water distribution system. This situation is similar in effect to the sipping of water through a straw. Negative pressure in the drinking water system can happen because of a water main break or when a hydrant is used for fire fighting.
3. If I am a customer in Illinois American Water’s service territory, what am I required to do?
State regulations require residential, commercial, and industrial customers served by a public water system to protect the public water system from potential contamination. Please reference the list of state-designated cross connection hazards requiring backflow prevention devices. If your home or business is on this list, you are required to install, maintain, and test the appropriate State-approved backflow prevention assembly. The backflow test report should be completed by an Illinois-registered backflow tester and sent via email, fax or mail to Illinois American Water.
4. Who gives the authority to implement the program?
The State of
327 IAC 8-10 CROSS CONNECTION CONTROL
5. What is an approved backflow prevention assembly?
All backflow prevention assemblies must be both State approved and provide the appropriate protection for the degree of hazard present. A State approved backflow prevention assembly is defined as one that has been accepted and listed as approved by the University of Southern California Foundation for Cross Connection Research.
6. What type of backflow assembly do I need?
The type of backflow device necessary depends on the degree of hazard present at your location, taking into account how water is used at your location and any conditions that might allow contaminants to enter system. A list of designated cross connection hazards is available online.
7. Who should install and test a backflow assembly?
We recommend that you have someone who is qualified to install or test backflow devices.
8. Where is the backflow assembly required to be installed?
The backflow assembly must be installed on the customer’s service line after the meter set and before any branching of the line to accommodate any additional taps, faucets or hose connections. (Installation requirements as described by 327 IAC 8-10 must be followed.)
9. Will my water service be interrupted during the test?
Yes, the water supply to the backflow preventer must be turned off during the testing procedure. The type and location of the device will determine how long the test will take. Typically 10-30 minutes, are needed to complete testing. Additional time may be needed to make repairs.
10. How much does a backflow device cost, and who pays for it?
The cost of a backflow device varies based on the size, type and location. The building owner is responsible for all costs associated with being in compliance.
11. What happens if I do not comply?
Non-compliance with Administrative Code (327 IAC 8-10) will jeopardize your ability to be serviced by a public water system.
